Skip to main content

How Transistor works, symbol, types , structure, Applications

How Transistor works, symbol, types , structure, Applications
How Transistor works, symbol, types , structure

 
How Transistor works, symbol, types , structure, Applications 


The invention of the transistor in the last century was a great revolution in the field of electronics and it is considered one of the most important inventions that contributed greatly to the development of electronics and technical devices in general. 

Without the presence of a transistor it would not enable humans to manufacture computers and mobile devices and specifically processors because the processors consist mainly of a huge number of very accurate transistors, as hardly any device is currently devoid of the transistor either in one way or another, so What are the basic components of the transistor ? Transistor symbol ? Transistor terminals? and the transistor types ?


Transistor definition:

What is a transistor element

Transistor is an electronic element that belongs to the semiconductors and allows us to control the other electronic components through the so-called base, as it consists of three terminals:

Base .

Emitter .

Collector.


It is mostly made of silicone or germanium, and it is often used in signal enlargement circuits ( amplifier ..) and many other electronic circuits.


The components of the transistor :

The transistor consists of three main terminals, the base, the collector and the emitter, and allows us to control the electric current through another electrical current, meaning we pass a very little electric current in the base to allow the electrical current to pass or the operation of any electrical device through the complex and The impulse, in other words, the base controls the amount of electric current in "Emitter" and "collector", where the work of the transistor is very similar to the principle of the work of the water tampon, and these are pictures of some common transistors :
Transistors Types
Transistors Types 

Transistor Types:

 There are two main types of transistors, which are BJT and FET, and each type is divided into two other types, which are respectively MOSFET, J-FET, and NPN, PNP, but in this topic we will focus on the BJT type, which contains two types, NPN and PNP, and this type is exactly similar to the work of The diode element is also composed of a semi-conducting material, and this material is often silicon, Now we will explain the difference between the two types of NPN and PNP transistors:
Types of transistors
Types of transistors

NPN transistor :

 This type of transistor is often made of silicon, but in this case it is inlaid with phosphorus, and since phosphorus is an electron-donating material that carries a negative charge, we call this type a type, N, and N means negative.
Npn transistor symbol
Npn transistor symbol 

Whereas when the silicon material is grafted with a material that takes electrons, such as an aluminum atom, Al, for example, in this case the material will contain holes or holes, and we call this type Type P, meaning positive. To obtain an NPN transistor, we combine two types of Type N and a type of P.  With this we get an NPN transistor, see the image below:


PNP transistor:

 After explaining in detail how to make a transistor element in the previous paragraph and its basic components, to obtain a PNP transistor, we combine two types of Type P and one type of Type N.
PNP transistor symbol
PNP transistor symbol 

How does a transistor work:

 The transistor works to pass electric current from the collector to the radiator or emitter, but it must meet a condition, which is that it must be energized with a weak current on its base, and the larger the current entering its base, ib, the more it allows a high current to pass between the two terminals of the collector, ic, and the emitter, ie this is a working principle the transistor is very similar to the operation of a water tap.


The importance of the transistor element :

 The importance of the transistor is evident in the operation, management and control of many electronic circuits. It can be used in the form of an ON-OFF switch, but its function remains in amplifying electrical signals, such as audio amplifiers and many different projects that can be created with this wonderful electronic element.


Some uses of transistors :

 The transistor can perform many roles in the field of electronics and technology in general. These are some of the uses of the transistor:

 Using transistors to make amplifiers and speakers.

 Manufacture of microprocessors consisting of millions of transistors.

 The transistor is widely used in the field of making electronic and technical devices such as smart phones, laptops, and many electrical devices.

 The transistor is widely used in electronic control circuits because it allows the circuits to be controlled through an electric current in its base.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Why are electrical transformers measured in KVA and motors in KW

Why are electrical transformers measured in KVA and motors in KW   Why are electrical transformers measured in KVA and motors in KW Welcome to the Electron Tips website. In this topic, we will learn about the reason for measuring electrical transformers in the unit KVA (kilovolt-ampere) and electric motors in the unit of kilowatt (KW).   Why electric motors are measured in KW:  An electric motor is an electrical device that consumes effective electrical power, which is why it is expressed in units of kilowatts or horsepower because it expresses the amount of electrical energy that the motor has benefited from, and it means the actual power used for mechanical purposes and expresses the actual performance of the electric motor (effective power), because  Inefficient power will do nothing for the electric motor.   The reason for measuring electrical transformers in KVA:  Electrical transformers' primary role is to convert electrical voltages, as they do not ...

What is a perfect ground resistance value

What is a perfect ground resistance value   What is a good ground resistance value Grounding is considered one of the most important systems that must be present in all electrical installations, whether in homes, buildings, or even power transmission lines. Grounding is essential for protecting people and electrical equipment from electric current leakage.  Previously, we provided a comprehensive guide on how to establish a grounding system from scratch and the key components you would need. You can view the topic [ here ]. In this article, we will explore the optimal value for good grounding resistance and how you can measure it using a Megger device. Optimal Grounding Resistance Value: Before installing a grounding system in the soil, it is essential to measure the earth resistance value using a Megger Device, especially if sensitive devices and equipment will be installed in the area. The ideal earth resistance value is zero, though achieving this value is practically impos...

Is lightning direct current or alternating current

Is lightning direct current or alternating current  Is lightning direct current or alternating current Many people ask about the type of electricity found in lightning, and in this small article we will explain to you whether lightning is a continuous or alternating electrical current. First, let us get to know the definition of the phenomenon of lightning and how it occurs.   Definition of lightning:  Lightning is a massive electrical discharge, meaning it contains very high electrical energy, ranging from 1 to 10 million joules. The temperature of lightning may reach 30,000 degrees Celsius, and this discharge may occur between the ground and the cloud or between two clouds together. Related articles: Can the capacitor charge the battery   The answer to the question: What is the electric current in lightning?  The electric current in lightning is an alternating electric current because it changes direction quickly and repeatedly in a short time over a short per...